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Computer aided design CAD is the use of computer systems or workstations to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. 1 CAD software is used to increase the productivity of the designer, improve the quality of design, improve communications through documentation, and to create a database for manufacturing. 2 CAD output is often in the form of electronic files for print, machining, or other manufacturing operations. The term CADD for Computer Aided Design and Drafting is also used. 3Its use in designing electronic systems is known as electronic design automation, or EDA. In mechanical design it is known as mechanical design automation MDA or computer aided drafting CAD, which includes the process of creating a technical drawing with the use of computer software. 4CAD software for mechanical design uses either vector based graphics to depict the objects of traditional drafting, or may also produce raster graphics showing the overall appearance of designed objects. However, it involves more than just shapes. As in the manual drafting of technical and engineering drawings, the output of CAD must convey information, such as materials, processes, dimensions, and tolerances, according to application specific conventions. CAD may be used to design curves and figures in two dimensional 2. D space or curves, surfaces, and solids in three dimensional 3. D space. 5CAD is an important industrial art extensively used in many applications, including automotive, shipbuilding, and aerospace industries, industrial and architectural design, prosthetics, and many more. CAD is also widely used to produce computer animation for special effects in movies, advertising and technical manuals, often called DCC digital content creation. The modern ubiquity and power of computers means that even perfume bottles and shampoo dispensers are designed using techniques unheard of by engineers of the 1. Because of its enormous economic importance, CAD has been a major driving force for research in computational geometry, computer graphics both hardware and software, and discrete differential geometry. 6The design of geometric models for object shapes, in particular, is occasionally called computer aided geometric design CAGD. 7Overview of CAD softwareeditStarting around the mid 1. CAD became apparent. The benefits of CAD systems over manual drafting are the capabilities one often takes for granted from computer systems today automated generation of Bill of Material, auto layout in integrated circuits, interference checking, and many others. Eventually CAD provided the designer with the ability to perform engineering calculations. During this transition, calculations were still performed either by hand or by those individuals who could run computer programs. CAD was a revolutionary change in the engineering industry, where draftsmen, designers and engineering roles begin to merge. It did not eliminate departments, as much as it merged departments and empowered draftsman, designers and engineers. CAD is just another example of the pervasive effect computers were beginning to have on industry. Current computer aided design software packages range from 2. Computer software, or simply software, is a part of a computer system that consists of data or computer instructions, in contrast to the physical hardware from which. D vector based drafting systems to 3. D solid and surface modelers. Modern CAD packages can also frequently allow rotations in three dimensions, allowing viewing of a designed object from any desired angle, even from the inside looking out. Some CAD software is capable of dynamic mathematical modeling. CAD technology is used in the design of tools and machinery and in the drafting and design of all types of buildings, from small residential types houses to the largest commercial and industrial structures hospitals and factories. 8CAD is mainly used for detailed engineering of 3. D models or 2. D drawings of physical components, but it is also used throughout the engineering process from conceptual design and layout of products, through strength and dynamic analysis of assemblies to definition of manufacturing methods of components. It can also be used to design objects such as jewelry, furniture, appliances, etc. Furthermore, many CAD applications now offer advanced rendering and animation capabilities so engineers can better visualize their product designs. D BIM is a type of virtual construction engineering simulation incorporating time or schedule related information for project management. CAD has become an especially important technology within the scope of computer aided technologies, with benefits such as lower product development costs and a greatly shortened design cycle. CAD enables designers to layout and develop work on screen, print it out and save it for future editing, saving time on their drawings. Computer aided design is one of the many tools used by engineers and designers and is used in many ways depending on the profession of the user and the type of software in question. CAD is one part of the whole Digital Product Development DPD activity within the Product Lifecycle Management PLM processes, and as such is used together with other tools, which are either integrated modules or stand alone products, such as CAD is also used for the accurate creation of photo simulations that are often required in the preparation of Environmental Impact Reports, in which computer aided designs of intended buildings are superimposed into photographs of existing environments to represent what that locale will be like, where the proposed facilities are allowed to be built. Potential blockage of view corridors and shadow studies are also frequently analyzed through the use of CAD. CAD has been proven to be useful to engineers as well. Using four properties which are history, features, parameterization, and high level constraints. The construction history can be used to look back into the models personal features and work on the single area rather than the whole model. Parameters and constraints can be used to determine the size, shape, and other properties of the different modeling elements. The features in the CAD system can be used for the variety of tools for measurement such as tensile strength, yield strength, electrical or electro magnetic properties. Also its stress, strain, timing or how the element gets affected in certain temperatures, etc. There are several different types of CAD,9 each requiring the operator to think differently about how to use them and design their virtual components in a different manner for each. There are many producers of the lower end 2. D systems, including a number of free and open source programs. These provide an approach to the drawing process without all the fuss over scale and placement on the drawing sheet that accompanied hand drafting, since these can be adjusted as required during the creation of the final draft. D wireframe is basically an extension of 2. D drafting not often used today. Each line has to be manually inserted into the drawing. The final product has no mass properties associated with it and cannot have features directly added to it, such as holes. The operator approaches these in a similar fashion to the 2. D systems, although many 3. D systems allow using the wireframe model to make the final engineering drawing views. D dumb solids are created in a way analogous to manipulations of real world objects not often used today. State of Oregon Oregon OSHA.