Infant cognitive development Wikipedia. Infant cognitive development is the study of how psychological processes involved in thinking and knowing develop in young children. Information is acquired in a number of ways including through sight, sound, touch, taste, smell and language, all of which require processing by our cognitive system. Scientific investigation in this field has its origin in the first half of the 2. Jean Piagets Theory of cognitive development. Since Piagets contribution to the field, infant cognitive development and methods for its investigation have advanced considerably, with numerous psychologists investigating different areas of cognitive development including memory, language and perception, coming up with various theories3for example Neo Piagetian theories of cognitive development. OvervieweditTabula rasa is a theory that the human mind is at birth a blank slate without any rules for processing data, that data is added and rules for processing it are formed solely by ones sensory experiences. The modern idea of the theory is mostly attributed to John Lockes An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, written in the 1. Full file at http 1. Exploring The Quran Pdf there. Which of the following best describes the mind Read the Latest and Breaking IT and Technology News, Reviews, Analysis Opinion for Australian IT managers and professionals. Its corollary, nativism, argues that we are born with certain cognitive modules that allow us to learn and acquire certain skills, such as language, for example the theory of Universal Grammar, the theory that the programming for grammar is hardwired in the brain and is most associated with the recent work of Noam Chomsky, Jerry Fodor, and Steven Pinker. If one accepts that nothing is known until learned, and that everyone shares a basic common sense, it appears infants mustto some degreemake some specific ontologicalinferences about how the world works, and what kinds of things it contains. This procedure is studied in psychology and its validity is studied in philosophy. We acquire these ordinary Common sense beliefs at an early age and we take them for granted in everyday life. Then, because we are also self reflective creatures, we turn back on our commonsense assumptions and find them to be more puzzling and problematic than we had bargained for. The concepts we habitually employ raise the kinds of disturbing questions we call philosophical. Jean PiageteditThrough observations of children, Jean Piaget established a theory of cognitive development. According to Piagets theory of cognitive development there are four stages of cognitive development. Sensorimotor Stage Birth to 2. MonthsPreoperational Stage 2. Months to 7 YearsConcrete Operational Stage 7 Years to 1. YearsFormal Operational Stage 1. Beach House Bloom Blogspot. Years and UpInfant cognitive development occurs in the Sensorimotor stage which starts at birth and extends until the infant is about 2 years of age. The sensorimotor stage is made up of six sub stages. Stage. Age. Stage 1 Reflexes. Birth to 6 weeks. Stage 2 Primary Circular Reactions. Stage 3 Secondary Circular Reactions. Stage 4 Coordination of Secondary Circular Reactions. Stage 5 Tertiary Circular Reactions. Stage 6 Mental Representation. Lev VygotskyeditLev Vygotsky was also very influential in cognitive development theory. His theory included the Zone of proximal development. Vygotsky also believed that social and cultural factors contributed heavily to cognitive development. Vygotsky argued that development first takes place socially as infants observe their parents behaviour and try to imitate it. As this imitation occurs, parents will guide their children, correcting them and provide challenges for them. Play is an integral part of cognitive development according to Vygotsky, as it is through this play that children gain confidence in their language skills, and start regulating their own thought processes. Through his research Vygotsky suggested that a childs performance differs depending on whether they are solving a problem alone or if another child or adult is assisting them. He refers to this difference as the zone of proximal development. Discovering Biological Psychology 2Nd Edition Test Bank' title='Discovering Biological Psychology 2Nd Edition Test Bank' />The theory goes that if a child is learning to complete a task, and a more competent person is able to provide assistance, then the child is able to move into a new zone of development and problem solving. Azure Case Studies Microsoft Security. Vygotsky refers to this movement through assistance as scaffolding and helps bridge the gap between the childs current cognitive abilities and their full potential. Erik EriksoneditErik Erikson was a prominent developmental psychologist, who produced a psychoanalytical theory of psychosocial behaviour, showing 8 stages of development from infancy to adulthood. At each stage the individual is set with a potential conflict, and either success or failure at each point will go on to determine the outcome of the psychological state of the person. The first stage of development runs from birth to 1. The conflict which Erikson identified during this time was trust vs mistrust. During this vulnerable point in the childs life, they are faced with uncertainties in the world and are therefore reliant on their caregiver. If the child receives consistent care then Erikson claimed that the infant would develop a sense of trust. However, if the care received has been unreliable then mistrust will develop, which may result in heightened feelings of insecurity and anxiety, in future relationships. The development of mental processeseditAdaptive Nature of Cognitive ImmaturityeditDevelopment is typically considered to be something progressive, as we age we move from more simple to more complex structures or behaviours. This causes us to interpret early or immature forms of cognition as incomplete forms of the adult model. This does not always hold true. Immature forms of development can serve some function of their own, as it adapts for the current environment of the infant. For example, infants relatively poor perceptual skills protect their nervous system from undergoing sensory overload. The fact that infants have slow information processing prevents them from establishing intellectual habits early in their lives that would cause problems later in life, as their environments are significantly different. From this it could be argued that infants and young childrens cognitive and perceptual abilities, might be designed to be suited to their needs at that particular time in their lives rather than incomplete versions of the more sophisticated models possessed in adults. Hanus Papousek 1. In an experiment he conditioned infants to turn their heads to the sound of a buzzer. The training for the task, began either at birth or at 3. He discovered that infants took many more trials and days to learn the task if they learned from birth than the infants who learned later. Infants need stimulation, however, if stimulation is too great than it could distract infants and young children from other tasks, and replace other, more crucial activities to their development such as social interaction. AttentioneditThe development of memory in children becomes evident within the first 2 to 3 years of a childs life as they show considerable advances in declarative memory. This enhancement continues into adolescence with major developments in short term memory, working memory, long term memory and autobiographical memory. Research on the development of memory has indicated that declarative, or explicit memory, may exist in infants who are even younger than two years old.